(March 17) Kalpana Chawla Biography (Astronaut)@2022

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          కల్పనా చావ్లా బయోగ్రఫీ 
(Astronaut)

 Kalpana Chawla Birth Anniversary: అంతరిక్షంలో అడుగు పెట్టిన తొలి భారతీయురాలు కల్పనా చావ్లా జయంతి నేడు..

కల్పనా చావ్లా అంతరిక్షంలో అడుగు పెట్టిన భారతీయ సంతతికి చెందిన మొదటి మహిళా వ్యోమగామి. నేడు కల్పనా చావ్లా జయంతి.. ఈ నేపథ్యంలో కల్పనా చావ్లా జీవితంలోని కొన్ని ముఖ్య ఘట్టాలను మళ్ళీ గుర్తు చేసుకుందాం..!

 కల్పనా చావ్లా 1962 మార్చి 17 న హర్యానాలోని కర్నాల్‌లో జన్మించారు. అయితే ఆమె పాఠశాలలో చేరినప్పుడు రికార్డుల ప్రకారం అధికార జన్మదినం జూలై 1వ తేదీ 1961కి మార్చారు. చిన్న వయస్సు నుండే కల్పన విమానాల పట్ల ఆకర్షితురాలయ్యారు. ఆమె పంజాబ్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ కాలేజీ నుంచి ఏరోనాటికల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ లో డిగ్రీ పొందారు.

కల్పనా చావ్లా 1962 మార్చి 17 న హర్యానాలోని కర్నాల్‌లో జన్మించారు. అయితే ఆమె పాఠశాలలో చేరినప్పుడు రికార్డుల ప్రకారం అధికార జన్మదినం జూలై 1వ తేదీ 1961కి మార్చారు. చిన్న వయస్సు నుండే కల్పన విమానాల పట్ల ఆకర్షితురాలయ్యారు. ఆమె పంజాబ్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ కాలేజీ నుంచి ఏరోనాటికల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ లో డిగ్రీ పొందారు.

కల్పన టెక్సాస్ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం నుండి ఏరోస్పేస్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ లో మాస్టర్ డిగ్రీ పొందారు. కొలరాడో విశ్వవిద్యాలయం నుండి డాక్టరేట్ పట్టాపుచ్చుకున్నారు. అనంతరం కల్పనా చావ్లా తన అద్భుతమైన ప్రతిభతో 1988లో నాసాలో అడుగు పెట్టారు.

1993 లో కాలిఫోర్నియా లోని లాస్ అల్టోన్ లో గల ఓవర్ సెట్ మెథడ్స్ ఇన్‌కార్పోరేటెడ్ లో ప్రెసిడెంట్ అయ్యారు. అదే సమయంలో ఓవర్‌సెట్ మెథడ్స్‌లో రీసెర్చ్ సైంటిస్ట్‌గా కూడా పనిచేశారు. 995 లో నాసాకు చెందిన వ్యోమగామి శిక్షణ కార్యక్రమాన్నిపూర్తి చేసుకున్నారు.

1997 లో కల్పనా చావ్లా అంతరిక్ష యానం చేసిన మొదటి భారతీయ మహిళగా చరిత్ర సృష్టించారు. అప్పుడు కల్పనా 376 గంటల పాటు అంతరిక్షంలో గడిపారు. అప్పుడు కల్పన చావ్లా ను చూసి దేశం మొత్తం గర్వించింది. 1997 లో ఎస్‌టిఎస్ - 87 లో అంతరిక్షం పైకి వెళ్ళారు. మిషన్ స్పెషలిస్టుగా ఎస్‌టిఎస్ -87 ను ప్రయాణించిన ఆరుగురు సభ్యుల బృందంలో కల్పన ఒకరు.

2000లో ప్రారంభం కావాల్సిన రెండవ అంతరిక్ష ప్రయాణం కొన్ని కారణాలతో ఆలస్యమై.. రెండేళ్ల తర్వాత ప్రారంభమైంది. 2003 లో కల్పన యొక్క రెండవ అంతరిక్ష మిషన్ STS-107 మిషన్ ప్రారంభమైంది. రెండవ సారి అంతరిక్ష యాత్రను ముగించుకుని వస్తుండగా 2003 ఫిబ్రవరి 1 న కొలంబియా వ్యోమనౌక కూలిపోవడంతో ఆమెతోపాటు మరో ఆరుగురు వ్యోమగాములు దుర్మరణం పాలయ్యారు. జనవరి 16 నుండి ప్రారంభమైన ఈ మిషన్ 16 రోజులపాటు సాగింది.

ఆమె గౌరవార్ధం తమిళనాడు ప్రభుత్వం కల్పనా చావ్లా పురస్కారాన్ని 2003 నుంచి ఏటా ప్రకటిస్తోంది.దీన్ని వివిధ రంగాల్లో 15 మంది శక్తివంతమైన మహిళకు అందజేస్తుంది. భారతీయ అంతరిక్ష పరిశోధన కేంద్రం 2003లో ప్రయోగించిన మెట్ శాట్‌కు కల్పనా చావ్లా పేరు పెట్టారు. అంతరిక్షయానం చేసిన తొలి ఇండో-అమెరికన్ మహిళ వ్యోమగామిగా చరిత్ర సృష్టించారు.

Kalpana Chawla Biography
(Astronaut)

Kalpana Chawla was American astronaut who died in the Space Shuttle ‘Columbia’ disaster. Born in Karnal, India, she was the first woman of Indian origin to go to space. A tomboy from the beginning, she developed a passion for airplanes in her early childhood. After earning a Bachelor of Engineering degree from the University of Punjab she moved to the USA at the age of twenty. There she did her Masters and PhD in Aerospace Engineering. Thereafter, she joined NASA and began her career as a researcher, working on various topics first at Ames Research Center and then at Overset Methods Inc. Meanwhile, she became a certified pilot with a commercial license for multi-engine airplanes, seaplanes, and gliders. After becoming a US citizen in 1991, she applied for the NASA Astronaut Corps, eventually joining the organization in March 1995. In May 1997, she went on her first space mission, travelling for fifteen days in the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87. In 2003, she travelled once again into the space aboard ill-fated Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-107 and remained in the space for about sixteen days. She died at the age of forty when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas, sixteen minutes prior to landing.

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Birthday: March 17, 1962 (Pisces)

Born In: Karnal, Haryana, India

Died At Age: 40

Spouse/Ex-: Jean-Pierre Harrison (M. 1983–2003)

Father: Banarasi Lal Chawla

Mother: Sanjyothi Chawla

Born Country: India

Died On: February 1, 2003

Place Of Death: Aboard Space Shuttle Columbia Over Texas, United States

Notable Alumni: University Of Texas At Arlington, Punjab Engineering College

Ancestry: Indian American

Cause Of Death: Accident

Education: Punjab Engineering College, University Of Texas At Arlington, University Of Colorado At Boulder

Awards: Congressional Space Medal Of Honor

Childhood & Early Years :

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 in Karnal, a city located in the Indian state of Haryana. However, her official date of birth, which was altered to enable her to appear for her matriculation examination, was 1 July 1961. At home, she was called Monto.

Her father, Banarasi Lal Chawla, originally from the Multan district of West Punjab, relocated to Haryana after the country was partitioned in 1947. On coming to India, he started working as a street hawker; later a cloth seller and a metal fabricator. Eventually he set up a tire manufacturing business.

Her mother, Sanyogita Chawla, was a homemaker. She was a very supportive and liberal lady. At that time, girls’ education was considered a luxury; yet she made sure that all her girls went to school.

Kalpana was born youngest of his parents’ four children; she had two elder sisters named Deepa and Sunita and an elder brother named Sanjay. From the very beginning, the children were encouraged to work hard and to gather knowledge.

According to her brother Sanjay, Kalpana was the most intelligent of them. Always a precarious and confident child with lots of natural curiosity, she loved to discover how things worked. The sky, with stars twinkling in it, also caught her fancy.

In summer nights, as the family went to the rooftop to sleep, Kalpana remained awake for a long time, watching the stars twinkling in the sky. She also became interested in airplanes early in her childhood, scrambling to the rooftop as planes from nearby flying club roared over their house.

For her formal education, Kalpana was enrolled at Tagore Bal Niketan Senior Secondary School. Till then known as Monto, she herself chose ‘Kalpana’ as her good name because it meant ‘imagination’.

At school, she enjoyed studying Hindi, English and Geography; but Science was always her favorite subject. A good student, she used to secure good ranks all through her school years.

Although she excelled in academics she was not a bookworm, taking keen interest in extracurricular activities and her obsession with airplanes never wavered. In drawing classes, while her classmates drew mountains and rivers she would draw colorful airplanes and make airplanes models in craft classes.

In 1976, Kalpana graduated from Tagore Bal Niketan, passing her class 10 board examination with flying colors. Thereafter, she entered DAV College for Women for her plus 2 education. By then, with the launching of Viking I in 1975, she had become keenly interested in space technology.

While explaining the concept of null set in algebra, her teacher in DAV College gave the example of Indian women astronauts as there was no Indian women astronaut at that time. To everybody’s surprise, Kalpana got up to say, “Who knows Ma’am, one day this set may not be empty!”

In 1978, she completed her schooling from DAV College and decided to enter Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, with Aeronautical Engineering. While her father objected to the idea, believing teaching or medicine to be more suitable career option for a girl, her mother gave her unfaltering support. Eventually, her father relented.

In 1978, Kalpana moved to Chandigarh to enter PEC with Aeronautical Engineering. She was the only female student in her batch and as she could not avail the hostel facility, she hired a small room over a garage and began to live in it, cycling to her college every day from there.

Along with her formal studies, she began to read books and magazines on aviation. In her college, she joined both the Aero Club and Astro Society; shortly becoming one of the joint secretaries of these clubs. Concurrently, she also started learning karate, and earned a black belt.

In 1982, Kalpana earned her Bachelors degree in Aeronautical Engineering, securing the third rank in her batch. With it, she became the first female aeronautical engineer to pass out from Punjab Engineering College. For her master’s degree, Kalpana secured admission in Aerospace Engineering at the University of Texas in USA.

Although her family was reluctant to let her go abroad she was able to persuade them and left for the USA in 1982, joining University of Texas at Arlington a little late. She graduated from there in 1984, earning her first Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering.

In 1984, after graduating from University of Texas, she joined University of Colorado Boulder, earning a second Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1986. Thereafter, she began to work on her doctoral thesis, earning her PhD in 1988.

Career :

In 1988, Kalpana Chawla began her career at NASA’s Ames Research Center. There, she started working on power-lift computational fluid dynamics, concentrating on the concept of vertical and/or short take-off and landing. Once the project was complete, she began working on mapping of flow solvers to parallel computers.

In 1993, she was made Vice President of Overset Methods Inc. and moved to Los Altos, California, with the responsibility of developing efficient techniques to perform aerodynamic optimization and implementing the same. There, she formed a team of researchers and began working on simulation of moving multiple body problems.

In December 1994, she was selected to join NASA Astronaut Corps, a unit of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Its job is to select, train, and provide astronauts not only for U.S., but also for international space missions and is based at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston.

In March 1995, she joined Johnson Space Center as an Astronaut Candidate in the 15th Group of Astronauts. There, she underwent rigorous training for one year, at the end of which she was assigned to the Astronaut Office EVA/Robotics and Computer Branches to work as crew representative.

As crew representative, she was assigned to work on the development of Robotic Situational Awareness Displays. Besides, she was also assigned to test space shuttle control software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory.

First Space Travel :

In November 1996, Chawla was assigned to Space Shuttle Columbia flight, STS-87 as Mission Specialist 1 and the primary Robotic Arm Operator. It was launched on November 19, 1997 from Launch Complex 39B of the Kennedy Space Center.

During her first mission, Chawla spent around 15 days (376 hours, 34 minutes) in space, making 252 orbits around the earth, traveling a total distance of 6.5 million miles. The mission returned to the earth on December 5, 1997.

Among other experiments, STS-87 mainly focused on how the weightless in the space affects physical processes. They also tested EVA tools and procedures and observed the outer atmospheric layers of the sun.

Chawla was especially responsible for deploying a Spartan satellite, which developed a snag, requiring two members of the crew, Winston Scott and Takao Doi, to take a spacewalk and manually capture it. Later it was found that there was an error in the software interfaces, which absolved her of negligence.

In January 1998, after the completion of post flight activities, Chawla joined the Astronaut Offices Crew Systems, serving as crew representative for the shuttle and station flight crew equipment. Subsequently, she served as lead for Astronaut Offices Crew Systems and Habitability section.

Last Space Mission :

In 2000, Kalpana Chawla was selected as a Mission Specialist for STS-107, the final flight of Space Shuttle Columbia. It was a scientific mission and included a small laboratory, christened as ‘space hab’. The laboratory was seven meters in length, five meters in width and four meters in height.

Initially it was planned that the mission would take off on January 11, 2001; but was delayed 18 times due to technical problems and scheduling conflicts. Eventually it was launched on January 16, 2003 from Kennedy Space Center's LC-39-A. But the launching was not without any hitch.

81.7 seconds after the launch, a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the left wing of the orbiter, damaging it considerably. At that time, STS-107 was at an altitude of about 65,600 feet, traveling at a speed of 1,650 miles per hour.

The space shuttle remained in the space for 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes, 32 seconds. During this period, the mission crew worked twenty-four hours a day in two alternating shifts, performing nearly 80 experiments, focusing not only on space science, but also on health and safety of the astronauts.

After a successful trip in the space, STS-107 re-entered the earth’s atmosphere on February 1, 2003. But the crew never reached home because 16 minutes before the scheduled landing at Kennedy Space Center, the space craft disintegrated over Texas, killing each of them.

Major Works :

Although Kalpana Chawla is best known as the first Indian woman to go to space, she was also a well-known researcher, making significant contribution to the development of space technology. She is especially known for her work on the simulation of moving multiple body problems.

Awards & Achievements :

Kalpana Chawla was posthumously awarded Congressional Space Medal of Honor, NASA Space Flight Medal and NASA Distinguished Service Medal.

Personal Life & Legacy :

  • In 1983, Kalpana Chawla married Jean-Pierre Harrison, a French-American flying instructor and a author, knowns for his two books: ‘The Edge of Time: The Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla’ and ‘Principles of Helicopter Flight’. The couple did not have any children. In 1991, she became an American citizen.
  • Chawla died on February 1, 2003 at around 9 AM, when STS-107 disintegrated over Texas. The damage caused at the time of its launch allowed hot atmospheric gases to penetrate and destroy its internal wing structure when it re-entered the earth’s atmosphere, eventually leading to the disintegration of the spacecraft.
  • The mortal remains of all the crew members were later identified. Chawla’s remains were cremated and her ashes were scattered at National Park in Utah in accordance to her wish.
  • After her death, ‘51826 Kalpanachawla’, an Eoan asteroid located in the outer region of the asteroid belt and ‘Chawla Hill’, one of the seven peaks in the Columbia Hill chain on planet Mars, have been named in her honor.
  • In India, MetSat-1, the first satellite in the meteorological series of satellites called MetSat, was renamed ‘Kalpana-1’. NASA also dedicated a supercomputer in her honor.
  • In 2004, the University of Texas opened a dormitory named Kalpana Chawla Hall in her honor. The girls’ hostel in University of Punjab has also been named after her. Apart from these, many other colleges and universities in India have renamed their student dormitories and hostels after her.
  • Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College (KCGMC) in Karnal and Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Jyotisar, Kurukshetra also carry her legacy. In addition, numerous awards and honors have also been established in her name.
  • 74th Street in Jackson Heights in New York City has been renamed ‘Kalpana Chawla Way’ in her honor. In Mumbai, India, a crossroad in Borivli has been renamed Kalpana Chawla Chowk.

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